john howard essays

john howard papers It was early morning in Baghdad. The sun had quite recently started to crawl over the sand rises of the Iraqi desert and the alliance powers were ready for their assault. They had entered the city during the night, and were trusting that the sign will originate from their administrators. They had been informed that an Iraqi weapons reserve was being kept inside the distribution center that they were currently encompassing. The arrangement was to go in, capture anybody at the scene and secure the entirety of the weapons. President Bush had been not able to go to the activity so he had sent John Howard, the Prime clergyman of Australia as his substitution. The thought was to communicated live film of the Prime Minister and alliance troops holding onto the weapons, at that point for Howard to deliver a discourse on how fruitful the toppling of Saddam Hussein had been up until this point. The stockroom had been all around concealed. It was old and run-down and had stripping signs and commercials dispersed over the outside dividers. A huge, half destroyed photograph of certain bread rolls in a tin was painted over the fundamental entryways, recommending it had once been a scone industrial facility or something to that effect. The sign came through on the radio. The soldiers ran for the stockroom in power, two at the front utilized a battering ram to thump down the entryways. They charged inside straight away, struck by the immense heaps of boxes covering the stockroom floor. They moved in bunches checking each and every inch of ground for potential assailants. There was just a single other room separated from the principle stockpiling territory. It appeared to be a directors office, the main furniture inside being a work area and seat. A crew entered the workplace while the rest started opening and looking through the many boxes. The main article found in the workplace was a little handgun in the work area cabinet, likely for security reasons. Night-time of checking through boxes everything they could discover were garments, they more likely than not been dumped there or were standing by to be sent out of the nation ... <!

A Definition of Liberal Media Bias

A Definition of Liberal Media Bias A Gallup survey found that only 40% of Americans trust the media to decently and precisely report the news. A lot of this has to do with the liberal tilt of news inclusion and stories. In legislative issues, moderates frequently manage a staggering liberal inclination inside the prevailing press, which incorporates the news divisions of significant communicate systems and significant papers. This is ordinarily just alluded to as journalistic prejudice. Journalistic prejudice doesn't allude to the political punditry class as political affiliations are normally referred to and the discourse is planned as assessment situated. Journalistic prejudice doesn't allude to media figures, for example, Rachel Maddow, Bill OReilly, and Al Sharpton who are relied upon to give political perspectives. What Is Media Bias?â Journalistic prejudice alludes to the purportedly target writers in print and media who deliberately - and in some cases unexpectedly - report or main stories in a manner ideal for Democrats and dissidents and negative to Republicans and moderates. Columnists, for example, Dan Rather, Bob Schieffer, and Wolf Blitzer who depict themselves as unadulterated newsmen could have their inclinations uncovered by conveying uneven reports. Dan Rathers endeavored takedown of George W. Bramble rings a bell. Instances of Media Bias Barack Obama got free goes in both the 2008 and 2012 presidential races as the media was principally keen on featuring the memorable idea of Obamas battle. While Sarah Palin was intensely censured by the media as coming up short on the experience to be Vice-President, the inquiry was never a significant issue with the firmly less-experienced Obama. In 2012, the media turned each announcement by Mitt Romney (hounds on an extended get-away!) into stories that endured weeks, while simultaneously declining to cover the Fast and Furious embarrassment or the Benghazi assaults with reality. Also, CNNs Candy Crowley notoriously intruded on a discussion trade among Romney and Obama by discussing Romney herself on Benghazi. (She wasn't right, however the repercussions were tremendous.) While VP Joe Biden could scarcely make that big appearance without making an insane indiscretion during his residency, his mental soundness or fitness was never addressed in the manner that Dan Quayles was for once including an e toward the finish of potato during a spelling honey bee. That the card was given to Quayle by the school with the wrong spelling and that Quayle had scrutinized the spelling on the card is the piece of the story the media consistently appreciates overlooking. While Democrats consistently find softball question and solution meetings from genuine writers, traditionalists are normally left addressing ludicrous inquiries dependent on foolish suspicions. At the point when an unsettled shooter shot Congresswoman Gabby Giffords of Arizona, the media had definitely no issue asserting Sarah Palin was at fault since she once had a guide on her site that had utilized an objective on it to suggest that it would have been a serious congressional race. Unprejudiced, Fair and Objectiveâ The issue with journalistic prejudice is that the writer and media characters are professing to be unprejudiced, reasonable, and objective however regularly wind up conveying uneven perspectives masked as truth. Numerous Americans won't look further into each issue introduced by the media, rather than fully trusting the narratives. Any data that may dissipate the journalistic spin legends must be effectively looked for. Articulation: me-di-a bä «Ã©â„¢s Otherwise called: Mainstream Media; Lamestream media (Sarah Palin); Dinosaur Media (Laura Ingraham) Substitute Spellings: none Normal Misspellings: none Models In a free nation, individuals rely upon the media for their data about government and other ground-breaking foundations. On the off chance that the press sounds the alert about some threat, individuals need to focus. Be that as it may, on the off chance that they have lost trust in the press †in view of its predispositions †at that point there’s a decent possibility we’ll disregard the admonition. What's more, that could be perilous. - Bernard Goldberg on Media Bias an hour used to be interchangeable with gotcha, and it absolutely was the point at which it broke the Abu Ghraib story to hurt Bush in 2004, and when Dan Rather displayed counterfeit Texas Air National Guard archives to hurt Bush months after the fact. In the 2008 political decision cycle, â€Å"60 Minutes† asked John McCain for what valid reason he would let the Wall Street administrators sail away on their yachts and leave this [bailout] on the American citizen? They pounded Romney about staying away from military assistance †and his five children dodging military help. Kroft has never gotten some information about his inability to serve in the military, and he absolutely never got some information about whether he had pre-marriage sex with his better half †which Mike Wallace tossed at Romney. - Brent Bozell

The Tale of Captain Bookbeard an Account of Book Piracy free essay sample

The Tale of Captain BookBeard: A record of Book Piracy A bibliophilic walk around the avenues and paths of Kolkata will undoubtedly get over the calls of Captain BookBeard originating from the Sea of Poppies1, The Sea of Monsters2 and The Ship of Stars3, and as one begins to ponder about the whereabouts of this ever present, as nearly in each pavementbookstalls, yet slippery privateer ruler, a story begins to rise as the tip of a secretive chunk of ice which stays in the core of the universe of letters. Book theft, a relatively obscure and unfelt type of financial malignant growth, is the normal infection of each country. Be that as it may, its impact is noticeable for the most part in the creating ones, where the absence of legitimate usage of law, enormous disparityridden economy, ascend in proficiency rate and the developing cosmopolitan scholarly taste makes an ideal biome for the broadsides of privateer boats to wreck the distributing houses and book retailers selling un-pilfered duplicates. No option to duplicate! Advancements require motivating forces this is the essential thought behind the possibility of ‘copyright’ that shields a writer’s work from being replicated, printed and conveyed without his/her earlier authorization, through legitimate assent. Book robbery goes under the more extensive range of ‘copyright infringement’ which incorporates such inventive fields like tunes, films, programming, and so forth. However, it had existed from the finish of the fifteenth century, while contending printers began to utilize unjustifiable practices, up to this point before anything even near a copyright law has been embraced anyplace. England was the primary country to legitimately assign the issue of securing the directly over one’s own innovativeness, and in 1709 through the Statute of Anne (implemented on the following year) in Great Britain, the creators got some insurance as far creation of reprints of their works was concerned and through the continuous development in the progressive years like Engravers Act of 1735 and Copyright 1 2 Fiction/novel by Amitabh Ghosh Fiction/novel by Rick Riordan 3 Fiction/novel y Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch 2 Act of 1842 to give some examples, in 1911 came the Imperial Copyright Act that turned out to be to some degree the benchmark of copyright laws everywhere throughout the world and soon different countries went with the same pattern. It’ll be basic to take note of that copyright based enterprises helps both the monetary and innovative fronts of any general public. The Indian situation Print industry in India is one of the most settled and most seasoned media frames in the nation. It is over extremely old and is one of the main two developing print businesses in the entire world other than the USA4 with close around 19,000 distributers distributing 90,000 titles for each year that, as per estimation of Shakti Malli, leader of the Federation of Indian Publishers, is at present â€Å"worth Rs. 80 billion and it is developing by more than 15 percent consistently. †5 What was at one time a Rs. 330 crore trade industry in 1991 has bloomed into Rs. 4. 6 billion worldwide power post globalization of Indian economy and industry. Both the post-pioneer status and the globalization of instruction, recognition and media, factors behind 45 percent of titles being distributed in India to be in English, setting the nation behind just the U. S. furthermore, the U. K. as the third biggest distributer of English books on the planet. What's more, this incorporates magazines, papers and reading material, however fiction as well (however its rate is lower when contrasted with different sorts) that incorporates composition and verse of remote and Indian journalists (both incorporates interpreted works as well) running from works of art to contemporary smash hits. In this manner this realization of Indian distributing industry, taking a fairly amusing tone, demonstrates to be an agonizing spot for copyright encroachment, going from minor infringement to exposed theft. 1847 saw the British Governor-General Sir Henry Hardinge giving the first copyright law in Quite a while that was supplanted by the 1911’s Imperial Copyright Act which at long last got changed and formed into autonomous India’s first copyright act, the Act of 1957 (happened on 1958) which thus, through numerous corrections, came about into the current day laws being 4 â€Å"Business Profile of Print Industry†, by MICA, Ahmedabad (Sep 2009), www. echno-preneur. net/data work area/sciencetech-magazine/2009/september09/print. pdf (got to on 25/10/11) 5 â€Å"India’s Book Publishing Industry Booming†, Boulevard India blog chronicle, boulevardindia. com/2006/09/28/indias-book-distributing industry-blasting/(got to on 25/10/11) 3 implemented. In India , copyright on an artistic work is accommodated the lifetime of the creator in addition to sixty years. Despite the fact that this has been changed upon unique government decisions, as on account of Rabindranath Tagore, the standard is to be carefully kept up by the distributing houses until any work comes into the open space. The Buccaneers’ efficient the notorious cut-throats of the old, the new age pirates attack the quiet oceans of distributing industry by bringing about lost around 25 percent of their complete business in India that in the fiction-classification alone is around 400 crores! R. Gopalan, the Director of Indian Institute of Publishing, Chennai says â€Å"Asian and Latin American nations, as per universal book distributers, are where book robbery has expected disturbing measurements. The interAmerican Publishers Group assesses that all inclusive around 50 billion book pages are illicitly republished each year! †6 Their boats meander numerous path and by-paths of the entirety of the major and minor metros of the country and even in the space of web however the new-age malignance of eBookpiracy. The group of BookBeard are the individuals who are neither the lawful copyright holders, nor anybody approved by them, yet at the same time continues with the printing, official and dissemination of scholarly works that burglarizes the distributer of genuine cash and the essayist of his innovative due and the cash from sovereignty. The last case turns out to be considerably progressively acidic when now and then pilfered books either convey no name of its actual writer, or convey a phony name alongside a phony title, either just to make it harder to identify according to the cautious position or Lord knows why! A peep into the asphalt bookstalls of Gariahat in Kolkata, to the wonder of the spectator, found a version of White Tiger7 with no notice of its author’s name and even a fake book named Chatalogues of Detection, again with no author’s name referenced, which turned out truly to be a duplicate of Rushdie’s Luka and the Fire of Life after being flipped through the pages! Gopalan, R. â€Å"The most despicable aspect of book piracy† The Hindu, Jun 01, 2003 http://www. hindu. com/thehindu/lr/2003/06/01/stories/2003060100490700. htm (got to on 26/10/11) 7 Fiction/novel by Arvind Adiga 4 In India, government is the biggest distributer with the NCERT, diverse state board’s distr ibuters, NBT, and so on taken together8, both as far as titles distributed and number of duplicates being distributed and furthermore in the estimation of creation. Government distribution is connected for the most part to instructive course books. In any case, it basically can't meet the tremendous ascent sought after inferable from populace blast and ascend in education rate and this at last outcomes in the deficiency of reading material consistently; added to this comes the deceitful act of book-dealers who intentionally crowd numerous duplicates, later to be dark advertised in more significant expense than that’s printed, along these lines further extending the bay among request and flexibly. Here comes the privateer man-of-wars to fill that inlet by delivering modest yet unapproved releases that hampers the administration distributing houses as well as, as an inquisitive astonishment, now and then prompts the checking of the dark advertisers. Or maybe an un-valorous duel among burglars and privateers! In Kolkata, the accumulating of NCERT course readings has gotten the full brunt of BookBeard’s sixteen-pounders by the ascent in sell of pilfered NCERT versions in College Street, RajpurSonarpur, and so forth. In any case, the nature of these pilfered duplicates, likewise with other pilfered fills in too, is for the most part of low quality, and the understudies need to tolerate with them by virtue of government’s inability to deliver enough number of duplicates and furthermore in directing the expansion of defilement in book-exchange. On 29th April 2008 the Kolkata Police assaulted a distribution center at Amherst Street in north Kolkata and found more than 4,500 pilfered English and Environment Science course books of Classes V-X initially gave by the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education and captured a man, however neglected to capture any of the bosses, nor did they uncover the total racket that maintained the entire business. 9 Piracy in books has four fundamental various structures: I) discount reproducing of exchange course readings, ii) unapproved interpretations, iii) business copying of books and diaries and iv) appropriation of free eBooks. And keeping in mind that the initial two are exceptionally hard to follow attributable to their covert business as usual, the third one occurs so in an exposed fashion everywhere throughout the nation, mostly close to huge instructive foundations, and in manners dissipated, that despite being available to the eyes of law, is pervasive because of absence of mindfulness out in the open and specialists of law authorization the same. The 8 â€Å"Study on copyright theft in India†, Ministry of HRD, govt. of India, training. nic. in/cr_piracy_study/cpr. sp (got to on 25/10/11) 9 â€Å"Raid nets store of pilfered textbooks† The Telegraph, Apr 30, 2008 http://www. telegraphindia. com/1080430/jsp/calcutta/story_9207036. jsp (got to on 26/10/11) 5 issue with the last one is in the exceptionally permeable nature of web itself that makes it the most troublesome of the four to follow and forestall. Instructive foundations turn dazzle eyes to reprography the strategy for acquiring du plicates of a book through copying, occurring in their regions. Understudies of any creating nation, similar to India, can sick stand to purchase all o

Stanford University Students

Stanford University Students June 8, 2013 Stanford plans to expand its undergraduate population (photo credit: Jawed Karim). The number of undergraduate  Stanford University students will be rising soon! Whys that? Because the universitys president, John Hennessy, recently announced a major plan to expand the student body on campus. Why the plan? Because Stanford wants to keep pace  with the growth of the graduate student population and allow Stanford to serve more students, a proposal with broad implications for University admissions, facilities and faculty, according to The Stanford Daily. There are currently 8,871 graduate students at Stanford University as compared to only 6,999 undergraduate students. Up until 1990, according to The Stanford Daily, the undergraduate population of Stanford had always exceeded that of its graduate population, but that all sharply changed after that. According to an article on the Stanford student body in The Stanford Daily, Though the expansion could begin as early as 2014, according to [Jeff] Wachtel, [senior assistant to President Hennessy,] the growth in the population would also need to be accompanied by new facilities to maintain the University’s guarantee of housing to all undergraduates. The University, fresh off a Draw that left a record number of students unassigned after the first round, already plans to build new housing at Manzanita Park and Lagunita Court. Since we believe strongly in a residential education system, we have to make sure there are adequate housing and facilities, Wachtel said. It depends on the planning of the housing and raising the money for it.' What do you think about Stanford Universitys plans to expand its undergraduate student body to keep pace with its graduate student body? Do you think that this will make it easier to get in since there will be more slots? Let us know your thoughts on the expansion by posting a comment below!

Mighty Ducks Movie Critique - 1715 Words

Movie Critique: The Mighty Ducks - 1 Introduction The first â€Å"The Mighty Ducks† movie raises numerous aspects of sociology in sport that will be analyzed in this paper. The two aspects of sociology in sport that were prevalent in the Mighty Ducks movie were: ethics and gender. This movie provides an example of a character who begins the story as a morally bankrupt individual with a â€Å"win at all cost† attitude. Through his experience coaching a young hockey team, Bombay learns the true meaning of sport and transforms into ethically and morally sound individual. The first installment of the Mighty Ducks trilogy also presents an interesting case of a female skater who fulfills the stereotype that girls should figure skate and boys should†¦show more content†¦However, the reality of the game of hockey is that actions such as these are a regular occurrence. Fortunately, through education, clinics, standards and regulations, efforts are continually being made to teach coaches how their actions impact their pupils. As the Coaching Association of Canada states â€Å"when you become a coach, you will help others reach beyond themselves, to reach higher, both in sport and in life.† Fortunately, Coach Bombay develops and grows, both as a person and a coach. Through the guidance of an old mentor, influence of young ethically sound players, and personal growth, Coach Bombay comes to realize that there is more purpose in live than can be gained by winning a hockey game. The lessons and values he gained during his experience with the hockey team in his season of growth, allow Bombay to learn the important requirements of being a coach and a moral person which include: encouraging teamwork, commitment, fair play, sportspersonship, and balancing obligations to individual team members and to the team as a whole (Russell, 2011, 87). Coach Bombay demonstrates these requirements by showing change in his coaching philosophy in the Championship game. Instead of trying to â€Å"win the game at all cost†, Bombay stated â€Å"we may win, we may not...but that doesn’t matter, what matters is that we are here...go have fun† (Walt Disney Pictures). While competitive teams seen in the NHL and the Olympics likely would not

IT in the New Future - 1854 Words

1.1 Introduction A revolution is taking place. Information Technology has quickly emerged as a significant field all over the world. Computers are extremely versatile and finding their way into every business, industry and research activity today. The uses of computers are diverse and encompass entertainment, education, communication, problem solving, research, decision-making and everything. The whole lot will be merged to IT in the near future. The wired world of business, where technology, human talent, and a new way of doing business make up to day’s growing worldwide economy. The backbone of this electronic commerce is the internet. While it’s rapidly spreading there are also rapid changes in every instance of time as addition of new sophisticated technologies and new standards etc. Though communication technology is currently undergoing a massive revolution, these advances and the accompanying benefits have not yet filtered down to those in developing nations with antiquated and outdated technology. This project attempts to address this need by developing a system that harnesses the power of the Internet, which is the most economical and yet most widely available and accessible global network in existence. 1.1.1 Topic Overview The Bank of Ceylon is one of the best business organizations in Sri Lanka. The Bank is functioning as a multi body with branches all over the country. It has overseas branches which have located Chennai, United Kingdom and Male as well as itShow MoreRelatedFuture Of A New Business1545 Words   |  7 PagesFuture of Business in Michigan Introduction Detroit is known as the Motor City of the United States of America. Its economy was largely depends on the auto industry prior to the declining of the industry in 2008. Now the industry is revitalizing as well as other small to medium business are popping up in Detroit. The city has taken several improvement projects to support the entry of new business. If the city could able to complete the projects with respect to infrastructure, business and socialRead MoreA New Future For Business773 Words   |  4 PagesA New Future for Business? Rethinking Management Theory and Business Strategy Introduction In their 2010 article in Business Society, â€Å"A new Future for Business? Rethinking management Theory and Business Strategy†, authors Han, Kolk and Winn report the need for a fundamental re-think of the approach of academics toward business theory and strategies, with a focus on sustainable practices, and the ecological and societal consequences of business. This paper will explore the need to re-think theRead MoreNew Energy for the Future1358 Words   |  6 PagesNew Energy for the Future For years man has relied on energy in order to be successful in life. The industrial revolution relied on coal for the new inventions brought into the world. Life as has never been the same since then. However since that time, there has been little done to improve on energy efficiency and humans still primarily rely on fossil fuels for energy. For over a hundred years the Earth has become more polluted and dirtier than ever before. 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Rehabilitating Offenders Effective Rehabilitation

Question: Describe about the Rehabilitating Offenders for Effective Rehabilitation. Answer: Introduction Rehabilitating offenders is not an easy task but when carried out successfully then an offender is able to change and live a normal file. For effective rehabilitation to take place, risk principle, need principle as well as responsivity principle must be strictly observed. When the society locks offenders in prison and does not provide a means by which the individual can understand why he or she committed the crime in the first place, then the corrective behavior will be hard to come by. Through interventions, recidivism can be significantly reduced. The interventions must be directly proportional to the severity of the offense (Christian, Martinez Veysey, 2009). Nigel is a serious and violent juvenile offender. He was charged with assault and robbery as well as other cases which involve violence. He is also a persistent offender which is as a result of various factors. First, Nigels father has served time in prison. Furthermore, both of his parents are alcoholics and he has suffered a lot in their hands since he was abused physically and psychologically. An environment where drugs are being abused by the very people who are supposed to be role models contributed to intergenerational transmission behavior (Crow, 2001). Nigel became an alcoholic just like his parents since his surrounding at home had easy access to it. Lack of social skills is also a great contributor. Mostly because of his harsh environment at home, he feels like everybody is judging him and looking down on him. His abuse in the past has contributed to him feeling a sense of satisfaction when he inflicts harm on those he thinks are looking down on him. It is safe to conclude that violence is the only mode of solving problems that he knows since he does not have a mentor to offer guidance (Flowers, 2002). Risk Assessment factors As far as assessment is concerned, high-risk offenders should be accorded the first priority. The criminal justice system is tasked with correctly predicting future violence. These predictions are critical since they aid in correctly identifying those inmates who require additional security, extra supervision as well as treatment. Making correct predictions is of topmost importance since making wrong predictions may lead to unnecessary restriction of liberties (Kemshall, 2008). Attachment theory According to attachment theory, it is very fundamental for people to have strong emotional and physical attachment to at least one primary care giver to ensure better personal development. In this case, Nigel does not have any attachment to his parents since they are not available to offer any support needed for development. Social ecology theory According to this theory, a childs ecological environment which comprises of siblings, community school, caregiver, peers as well as the extended family affects how he or she turn out to be as an adult. The hostile relationship between Nigel and his parents has contributed to the bad behavior observed in him. Actuarial risk assessment Actuarial risk assessment is most appropriate for this scenario since it more accurate than clinical prediction, reduces subjective biases, risk factor are empirically derived and finally risk scales can be tested for reliability (Priestley Vanstone, 2009). Nigel is a moderate risk offender, therefore, he should receive medium intensity program. This conclusion is based on actuarial risk assessment. The offender in question has been in several juvenile institutions for committing several violent offenses. Currently, he is serving a six-year sentence for assault and robbery. Nigels records in prison show that he has been charged with assault against fellow prisoners. These events show a consistent violent behavior that has lasted for several years. He also shows general recidivism by physically harming those he thinks are looking down on him. The act of constantly inflicting harm on people especially based on a misguided idea that another person is looking down on him which might not always be true is an important fact to be considered. Abuse of alcohol seems to also contribute to violence since when he drinks heavily his chances of engaging in violence increases significantly. Nigel should be enrolled in a prison-based violent offender program since it is directly related to assault and robbery. Violent offenders make up a significant number of prison population hence the need rehabilitate them so that they can eventually be released back to society having transformed their lives (Sherman, 2002). Vocational Training and Education As far as the case study is concerned, to try and rehabilitate Nigel vocational training and education should be introduced to him. Nigel is only nineteen years old hence he has his whole life ahead of him. The fact that Nigel has at only nineteen years of age is serving a six-year sentence and has been in juvenile institutions since his early teens, it would be safe to conclude that he has not progressed a lot as far as education is concerned. This view can be supported by several statistics and observations. Basically inmates have fewer job skills and less educated compared to the general population. Statistics collected from police detainees in Australia back in the year 2007 reveal that forty-three percent females and forty- seven percent males had not completed beyond year ten and only five percent had reached university (Dawe National Centre for Vocational Education Research (Australia), 2007). There is a link between employment and crime. It is worth noting that employment is also associated with education. High rates of unemployment lead to involvement in crime although this trend is usually more conspicuous among minority communities. Farrington research actually concludes that lack of employment does not in any way compel upstanding individuals to engage in crime but it hastens felonious rates of delinquency-prone youth. Education and training while in prison proves fundamental because of various benefits. Participating in basic and secondary education is linked with lower recidivism rates as well as a more stable employment. Tertiary education however, produces mixed results but a huge chunk of the results are positive. Vocational training is linked with fewer violations of parole, fewer recidivism rates, encouraging institutional disciplinary record as well as better post-release employment patterns (Sherman, 2002). Barriers Faced By Prisoners in Completing Courses As far as education is concerned, completing a course in prison proves difficult because of reasons like short prison sentences, waiting list for courses that is too long, inmates desire to make money in prison through paid prison work, early release or transfer to another prison as well as need for inmates to undertake other programs like offending behavior (Sherman, 2002). Treatment The treatment extended to the offender should focus on criminogenic needs. Criminogenic needs are essentially problems, issues or traits that are directly associated with the persons chance to re-offend and commit another offense. These needs are categorized into two that is static and dynamic factors. Static factors cannot be changed while dynamic factors are those that structural factors that make an individual commit a crime (Burkhead, 2007). As far as the case study is concerned, alcohol is a great contributor. Whenever Nigel drinks alcohol heavily, he comes more violent and the chances of committing an offence increase. If measures are taken to ensure that he quits drinking alcohol, it would reduce the chances of being violent significantly. Secondly, there are a lot of issues back at home especially in regards to his parents and the environment they all live in. Nigel has been abused psychologically and physically by her parents and they are never there to offer the support tha t an ordinary individual needs from a loved one. They have for a very long time deprived him of love, guidance and sufficient education and instead exposed him to drug abuse and a life of violence. If Nigel is to be successfully rehabilitated, then constant counseling and a change of environment where he will be able to live far away from his abusive parents must be implemented. These treatment strategies are mainly informed by the social ecology theory that talks of the relationship between environment and how it affects an individual (Richmond, 2006). As far as multisystemic interventions are concerned, Nigels parents should be encouraged to join parental training programs so that they can learn essential skills on how to handle children because judging from the treatment of their son, they have completely failed. The community should also get involved in establishing programs that ensure offenders who have served their time are welcomed back to society instead of being branded as robbers or thieves. Awareness should be made to the society that people can change their ways. When this is done, then social isolation is far much less likely and chances of repeating the offence also reduces significantly which is in line with the social ecological theory (Prins, 2005). Serious and violent juvenile offending can be prevented by carrying out several measures. To avoid children from turning out to be serious and violent juvenile offenders, actions have to be taken early enough. During developmental stages, children have to be taught the negative effects of crime and abuse of drugs which contribute immensely to youth delinquency. In areas that are mostly disadvantaged in particular, public health tactics must be implemented to tackle risk factors that compel the youth to engage in delinquency (Seredycz, 2010). Integration of services needed like child services, medical services and schools coupled with co-ordination can make contribute a lot towards violent juvenile offending. Example of primary prevention approaches that can be executed may involve interschool interpersonal skills training, support for teenaged parents as well as parent training so that they can learn how to handle their children in an effective manner that is guaranteed to bring out their full potential (Hamilton, 2011). Obstacles Facing the Various Rehabilitation Interventions First, there are scarce resources available. Screening as well as prioritizing of resources is not easy since there are a lot of projects that need funding. Most of the time what is allocated for rehabilitation programs is usually not enough to see the programs through to the end (Lobley Smith, 2007). Secondly, the intervention efforts usually face resistant from the client or family members. Sometimes the client in this case the offender may frustrate any efforts of positive intervention. Other times the family members may not agree to such interventions hence denying the client any chance of changing his or her life (Parker, 2007). Thirdly, organizational constraints also reduce the chances of success. At times, there are insufficient fitting and skilled practitioners. This makes the rate of interventions slower therefore not enough clients are able to gain from the interventions. Co-ordination of services across multiple agencies proves to be an uphill task therefore frustrating the rehabilitation efforts (MacKenzie, 2006). Recommendation There are several general needs that should be availed to persistent youth offenders and their families. First, their family environment should be improved. Dysfunctional family environments and interactions should be improved by all means necessary. The environment a child grows in will contribute a lot to the kind of adult the child becomes in the future as dictated by the social ecological theory. According to research, children who grow up in abusive environments where they are physically and psychologically abused end up engaging in crime and often elicit aggressive and antisocial behavior. This view is supported by the systems theory that family problems more often than not lead to delinquency (Masters, 2004). Second, familial affection and bond should be enriched. Family bond ensures that family members care for one another and work hard to improve the welfare of one another. Familial affection ensures that children feel free to share their problems with their parents since they know they will receive the necessary support and guidance (McIvor Raynor, 2007). This strategy is can be backed up by the attachment theory that calls for strong physical and emotional attachment among primary care givers. Third, enhance problem-solving skills. In a world where problems and conflicts are virtually impossible to avoid, having appropriate problem-solving skills and developing non-violent conflict patterns will contribute a lot in living a better life. Most youth offenders are driven by anger and poor conflict management skills which compels them to do things that the society does not agree with. As such, having this skills in their arsenal will ensure that they restrain themselves from resulting to violent means of handling their problems which may result in jail time (Layton, 2002). Four, improving parenting skills should be prioritized. Every parent should have an idea of how children ought to be handled whether male or female. There should be an element of give and take and the parent must create a system where there are specific consequences for their actions. The discipline practices guarantee that the child exercises restraint as far as committing certain negative behaviors is concerned. Disciplining children also helps parents to be responsible adults who are able to respect the law of the land hence reducing their chances of finding themselves in prison for breaking the law in one way or the other (Cornelius, 2010). Five, help is needed to help the young come up with constructive leisure activities. Whenever you people are idle, they tend to engage in destructive activities like drug abuse, unprotected sex as well as criminal activities. Persistent young offenders should be encouraged to engage in constructive hobbies like dancing, reading books as well as sports that will help in nurturing their talent and destruct them from any thoughts of going back to the negative ways of crime (Goodman, 2012). Conclusion All in all, rehabilitating offenders is a noble task aimed at transforming offenders lives so that they can abandon their bad activities like engaging in crime and assault. For the rehabilitation to bear fruits, proper assessment must be done so as to determine the risk factors and in the process devise better ways as well as appropriate programs that will be of maximum help to an offender. As far as the case study is concerned, Nigel needs to be enrolled in a prison-based violent offender program where he can be able to go through different approaches like education and training to ensure he does not go back to crime. Taking courses in prison is rather difficult because at times prisoners are released early, some prefer to earn a living by participating in paid prison work and some get transferred to other prisons. As far as treatment is concerned, Nigel should counseling especially for the physical and psychological abuse that he received from his parents. In addition, Help should be offered on the best ways to avoid drug abuse. Some of the measures that can be taken to prevent the likelihood of children turning out to be serious and juvenile offenders comprise of tackling risk factors that compel the youth to turn to crime, integration of crucial services like medical and child services as well as proper coordination from different agencies. 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